Road pricing - vehicles will carry either a transponder which activates roadside sensors, or a GPS device which sends journey details to a central computer. Toll booths collecting cash are unlikely.
A vehicle passing a transponder site without registering can be photo'd and process similar to speed camera followed.
If GPS system is fitted it should be relatively simple to match the physical location of a vehicle with its reported location - if different there is a question to be answered.
Issues around human rights will cause rows whichever is chosen - big brother will be able to track your movements. It was this debate which made the Covid track and trace system both late and fairly ineffectual!
In both cases enforcement is the key. In both cases it would be possible to have a system which required a deposit to get registered - perhaps £100 equal to a tank of fuel. In both cases I am sure hacking and fraud will happen - as it does now with red diesel, cloning, etc.
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