Enforcement is almost wholly down to policing.
In the UK ~700,000 cars are untaxed and on the road. Add those without MoT and insurance and the number of "illegal" vehicles probably exceeds a million - about 1 in 30!
ANPR with police vehicles to stop offenders would pick up hundreds a day - resources permitting!
Example close to me - the A38 is a fairly modest two way "A" road running parallel to the M5 and carries ~8000 vehicles per day in each direction.
It is likely the same vehicles using the road each day - school run, commuting, shopping etc. . If 3% were apprehended there would be ~200-250 probably by the end of the first week.
If the consequence of being caught were vehicle confiscation until fines were paid, the problem of "illegal" vehicles would vanish within weeks!
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