If we're being simplistic:
One Drive is targeted at the ability to use files on a multitude of devices, through the medium of synching the various devices via the cloud.
File History is oriented to the restoration of a given version of a file, if it gets changed multiple times over its lifetime.
Neither of them are really a backup solution, though if configured and manipulated appropriately, they can provide elements of backup and recovery, and have the advantage of being largely "hands-off".
Just today, I've implemented File History for my sister-in-law, as there is no way she'll use anything that requires intervention. I suspect any major restoration will require my intervention, but at least much of the data should be there.
Your synch of your D: drive (as long as you do it religiously) is reasonable as backup, but gives you a single point in time restore. (Unless the synch is incremental, I haven't investigated Goodsync).
The "best" regimes allow for restore as is, recover deleted files, and restore to different dates and times.
I backup several machines to a NAS, with a weekly full backup and daily incremental (changes) in between. I retain the backups on an aged basis which gives me pretty comprehensive capability against the above criteria.
The backups are all automated, so "fire and forget", and, on the basis that three locations is the minimum for data security, the backups are periodically copied and stored away from the house.
For a long time, the only thing restored was a single file (permanently) deleted by SWMBO in error. When the hard drive on her laptop expired without warning, however, somebody was hailed as a hero when only 1 hours data out of 15+ years was missing after restore.
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OneDrive problems new