>> Oyster was a pioneer and as such is not always with the emerging international standard
>> for contactless cards.
>>
Not a true pioneer though I don't think; the JR lines on the Tokyo subway system were using contactless payment cards when we lived there in 2001, which I think is 2 or 3 years before London adopted them? The Tokyo subway does include a collection of lines owned by seperate private companies though, and it's only recently that each operators cards have worked seamlessly across other lines...
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