>> Bit puzzling that you are getting a message that it can't boot, then it does.
>>
Not with Vista and later.
They run a small boot partition for the bootloader which hands over control to the OS boot process almost immediately. The OS fails to boot and errors, the machine resets. The bootloader sees the failure and automagically fires up the diagnostics in the boot partition.
Some time later, when it's fixed itself, it boots.....
For determining whether the disk is iffy, look at the SMART statistics. A high read retry count and / or anything in the bad sector count means it's time to swap it.
Chkdsk running is more usually due to banjaxed file indexing or orphaned space, especially if it fixes everything. No. 1 cause of that is power off rather than controlled shutdown.
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